List of Bases As a Reaction Equation

List of Bases As a Reaction EquationChemistry is a science that teaches students how matter and energy interact to create the chemical reactions in the world. Students of this science are encouraged to learn about other aspects of the world, including how these processes work. In this article, we will focus on the four basic categories of the chemical process: oxidizing, reducing, combining, and condensing. The relationships between each of these processes are explored.List of bases as a reaction equation This equation is used in the list of bases as a reaction. Students will learn that both bases (uranium and potassium) react with hydrogen to form a metal oxide. When this happens, the oxygen in the metal oxide will be reduced into a metal atom, such as lead or silver. When this occurs, the metals are said to have become 'activated.' Atoms move from the ground state, a neutral state, to the higher energy state, a higher level of energy. Atoms cannot travel through solid matter to esc ape the energy, so they have to wait until the higher energy state can be reached.Atomization occurs when an atom comes into contact with another, forming a bond. If an atom is also a metal, this bond is said to be, 'covalent.' Atoms become more cohesive as they move from the ground state to the higher state of energy. In this case, the atoms go from an ionic state (ionized) to a liquid, where they can move about freely.In an effective reaction, two substances are mixed. The reaction starts with the mixing of one substance with another. By doing this, the two substances can combine, causing chemical changes. The substance that is being mixed must react to be changed. This happens when there is a neutralization of the acid that was present in the first substance with the base that is now present in the second substance.List of bases as a reaction equation In this equation, list of bases as a reaction, is used to find the electrical potential between two substances. When two substance s interact to form a new chemical compound, the electric potential between them is measured. Electrical potentials are used to produce chemical reactions. The quantity of electrons in the substances that are capable of ionizing depends on the amount of energy that is created in that system. For example, the amount of energy created by oxidation of an acid is greater than that of an oxidizer.List of bases as a reaction equation If a chemical compound is highly reactive, it will react much faster than a less reactive chemical compound. The amount of energy required to change the chemical compounds to their original states will depend on the amount of energy and the properties of the elements involved. The process of reaction also depends on the chemistry of the substance, which includes the reaction rate, reaction temperature, and the mixture equilibrium. An equilibrium between substances that are capable of ionizing will occur if they are present in a low-energy state. The rate of ch emical reaction will depend on the reaction rate and the properties of the substances.List of bases as a reaction equation When the list of bases as a reaction is used in the list of bases as a reaction, it is best to avoid complicated formulas. Instead, students should use a simplified equation such as the kinetic equation, chemical equation, or Hamiltonian equation. In each of these equations, the potential difference between two substances is the only variable that needs to be estimated.

Where to Learn Latin in London

Where to Learn Latin in London Learning Latin in the Capital ChaptersTake Traditional Latin Classes Meet Other Latin Enthusiasts Find a Personal Tutor in LondonIt’s the source of our language, our words, phonetics and syntax. It’s the source of many foreign languages like French and Spanish and it's even the source of our history and societal structures. Latin is the language of governments and law, its influences can be found in most corners of our modern lives.Although a ‘dead’ language, Latin is still widely taught and is an invaluable tool for learning about the structures of many languages spoken today.And in London, you’ll find plenty of ways to learn and perfect your Latin.With easy access to well-referenced, trustworthy teachers, Superprof has managed to alleviate the stress from finding a personal tutor to make sure you get your money’s worth.MOOCs, a great source for studentsMOOC is a goldmine of information with a wide range of courses on anything you could think of including, of course, Latin! With a MOOC you have acces s to Latin courses whatever your level. Once you have signed up and detailed your needs, you’ll be sent a list of teachers and courses that you can follow.The advantage of this site is that you can find the right teacher and course for you specifically suited to your level. But be warned these courses rely on your hard work so be ready!Discover where else you may learn Latin online...Benefits of Learning with a Private TutorLearning with a private tutor can really boost your learning. While group lessons are great places to meet like-minded students private lessons are tailored to you and you will learn at your own pace rather than the pace of the rest of the group.Private lessons are based on you and your goals so only take them if you’re ready to learn so you can get the most out of them.Tailored to your needsIn group classes you might be struggling with a certain grammar point or finding a certain word hard to pronounce and your teacher probably won’t have the time to help each student with everything they’re struggling with.This is when it benefits you to have a private tutor. They are there to help you as an individual, so they can help you grasp the harder grammar points and can correct you when you’re wrong. Classes will be adapted to your specific goals. If you find something difficult you can spend more time on that and less time on other points that are easier for you.Your teacher will get to know the best way for you to learn so they can adapt lessons to assure you reach your potential.But remember having a personal tutor also means you have nowhere to hide! You’re the only student in the class so you better have done your homework!Latin is difficult to learn so make sure you’re ready to put work in.Confidence boostPrivate lessons will also boost your confidence in your abilities.You might find it hard to answer questions in front of others in a group class or maybe you’re not confident enough that you have the right answer. A privat e tutor will help you with this. They are there just for you and so will know the best way to improve your confidence. You can do one on one conversations with them or repeat exercises until you are confident you know it.If you don’t understand something tell them straight away, they’ll help you work it out and you can go on to the next topic confident in your abilities!It’s Easy to Learn Latin in LondonLiving in London you've got access to all of these ways to learn Latin.  Whether you find free classes, or you pay for a personal tutor, you’re in the best place to improve your understanding of the language.Latin is more integrated into our daily lives than you might think. It's the language of governments, of law and of theology. It even provides the roots of modern sciences with many of the elements of the periodic table coming from Latin words. Latin provides the foundations for our own language too. You can improve your vocabulary in English by learning Latin! The benef its of learning Latin are endless. It is part of our history and has shaped nearly everything we know today, by studying it you’re doing your bit to keep the language alive!Now follow our tips for getting started learning Latin...

Dont Wait To Set Your Career Goals

Introvert Whisperer / Dont Wait To Set Your Career Goals Dont Wait To Set Your Career Goals   Career Acceleration Do you know what your next career step is? Many people don’t. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€" that will help you put together your actions and keep you accountable. Get your copy now and start your action plan today! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

15 Italian Slang Words and Phrases Everyone Should Know

15 Italian Slang Words and Phrases Everyone Should Know Sign up successful 2. Mollare qualcuno Ouch! Use these Italian slang words when dumping a significant other. Theyre roughly translated to letting  go or releasing someone free. 3. Essere nelle nuvole Italians use this phrase to describe someone who has his or her head in the clouds, or someone whos constantly daydreaming. 4. Ricco sfondato These Italian slang words are used to describe someone whos rich. The phrase literally means “rolling in money.” 5. Veloce come un razzo Similar to the American phrase,fast as lightning, veloce come un razzo  means something or someone that is  as fast as a rocket. 6. Amore a prima vista Was it love at first sight,  or as they say in  Italy  amore a prima vista,  when you met your Italian crush? This is just one example of the dozens of Italian slang words to describe a romantic relationship. Related: Fun and Interesting Facts About Italy 7. Alito puzzolente Ew! You may need to use this Italian slang phrase to notify someone who has  â€œbad breath.” 8. Guastafesta What we know in America  as a Debbie downer, is the Italian slang word, Guastafesta. This is someone whos a spoiler or ruins the party. 9. Basta, basta When your friend is annoying you, shout these Italian slang words which mean  â€œenough is enough. 10. I Malano miau Are you shocked about what happened on last nights episode of Game of Thrones? Use this Italian phrase to  express shock or  amazement. 11. Non fai scumbari When your Italian grandmother wont stop embarrassing you, simply say Non fai scumbari or “Stop embarrassing me.” 12. Pisolino This Italian slang word means afternoon nap, which is very common in Italy. 13. Gufare If you or someone else is  experiencing bad luck, use the Italian slang word, gufare. 14.  Dai Similar to the American saying Come on, Dai is used when you want someone to tag along or do something. It can also be used to say stop it. See Also: Learn the Italian Alphabet 15. Boh The  equivalent  of the American phrase I dont know, Boh is a  quick phrase to say when youre being  indecisive. If you want to make sure youre using these Italian slang words appropriately, practice speaking with a native or an  Italian tutor. The more you use these Italian slang words and phrases in conversation, the better you will become  at speaking Italian. Post Author:  Liz T. Liz T. teaches Italian lessons in Brooklyn, NY.  She is a graduate of the Berklee College of Music with a B.M. in vocal performance and has a graduate certificate in Arts Administration from New York University. Learn more about Liz here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

GCSE Biology Digestive System, Nutrition and Excretion

GCSE Biology Digestive System, Nutrition and Excretion GCSE Biology Syllabus At A Glance ChaptersGlossary of   Terms for GCSE BiologyNutritionDietDigestionEgestionMaking Biology GCSE Fun: Some Interesting FactsUseful LinksA very large proportion of the GCSE Biology course is focused on the human body, teaching you about the structure and functions that help us to survive day in, day out.This particular area of Biology, related to the digestive system, nutrition, and excretion, covers a wide spectrum of subtopics, however, the two subject matters that are the most directly linked with humans are those linked to diet and digestion. As such, this is what I will focus on in this educational blog aimed at GCSE level students.To help you to follow the biological parts, processes and functions described below, we have provided a glossary of terms, put together by the experts at BBC Bitesize, which can be referred to whilst you read this text, or can be saved for future reference. Go to their website for tonnes more guides, tests and other useful references during your course.No te: Having a list of key terminology can be very useful when you come to revise for your exam, as this topic is likely to come up in at least one question on your paper.Labelled Digestive SystemTake a look at this labelled digestive system. Image sourced from http://freeencyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/File:Digestive-system-diagram.jpgWhere Is Bile Produced?After being in the stomach, food makes its way to the small intestine where food molecules get into the blood through the wall of the intestine. This is called absorption. Enzymes work best in alkaline conditions, so bile is produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder  and then released into the small intestine to help to emulsify fats and help the lipases to work more effectively.Digestion and EnzymesAs we've seen, enzymes play an important role in the chemical breakdown of food during digestion. But what exactly are these molecules and how do they do their job?We already know that enzymes work at their best when at their optimu m pH, so they rely heavily on the right conditions being set up for them in the stomach or gut.There are three principal types of enzymes: Protease, Carbohydrase, and Lypase.AbsorptionProtease enzymes are found in the stomach, small intestine and pancreas and their task is to digest proteins. Pepsin is a common type of protease and helps to break down the long chains of amino acid molecules found in proteins into smaller links called peptides and then into individual amino acids which are easier absorbed in the small intestine. You may be required to know the equation for this process which is:proteins -protease- amino acidsCarbohydrase enzymes, as you might expect, break down long starch molecules. They are secreted by the mouth, pancreas and small intestine. One type, named amylase, is found in our saliva and starts doing its work as we chew our food.The first step is to break down the complex starch molecules into maltose molecules (taking them from polysaccharide to disaccharide ) and then it gets broken down again into glucose.The equation is as follows:starch -amylase- maltose -maltase- glucoseLastly, Lipase is found in the pancreas and the walls of the small intestine. Complex fats, called lipids, get broken down into soluble fatty acid and glycerol molecules as indicated in the word equation:lipids -lipse- fatty acids + glycerolA Summary of The Principal Enzymes And Their FunctionsBelow are the main enzymes found in the human digestive system and what they do.Digestive enzyme nameWhere in the body it is producedWhat reaction is catalysedProteaseStomach, small intestine and pancreasTurns protein into amino acidsCarbohydraseSaliva, pancreas and small intestineTurns starch into glucoseLipasePancreas and small intestineTurns fats into fatty acid and glycerolDid you know that the longest part of the small intestine would measure  between 2-4 metres long if laid down flat? The large surface area means that absorption happens quickly, helped by finger-like vil li which further increase the area.What Does The Large Intestine Do In The Digestive System?Different things happen to digested and undigested foods once they have passed through the gut; digested food molecules provide energy and build new proteins in a process called assimilation while indigestible substances reach the colon, the first part of the large intestine.EgestionWhat Does The Rectum Do?Once all of the remaining water has been absorbed, the bacteria and cells (undigested food) that are left become waste, also known as faeces. This semi-solid material is stored in the rectum, which makes up the final part of the large intestine and then gets passed out of the anus in a process called egestion.The rectum provides temporary storage, and it is as the rectal walls expand due to collecting faeces that cause you to feel the need to go to the toilet, or defecate. Peristaltic waves then push the waste out of the rectum.The anus then takes over and controls the expulsion of the faec es, in particular by the anal sphincter muscle. The internal and external muscles relax, allowing the waste to be passed and then by pulling the anus up over the exiting feaces.Egestion, i.e. the process of passing semi-solid waste when you go to the toilet, is not be confused with excretion.Excretion  is the removal of waste products from the body via other organs, like the skin.During your course, you will also learn more about  urine and how this leaves the body in both males and females.Making Biology GCSE Fun: Some Interesting FactsIf all of the above feels a bit scientific and has left your mind a bit frazzled, take a look at the following fun facts and look at the digestive system in more relatable terms.We humans are said to eat about 500 kilograms of food a yearOur bodies produce around 1.7 litres of saliva in just a dayThe standard oesophagus measures around 25 centimetres longEven if you did a handstand, your body would still move the food you ingest down the oesophagus a s the muscles contract like waves to push it in the right directionAn ordinary adult's stomach can hold around 1.5 litres of food and drinkOut of the, roughly, 11.5 litres of food and water you take in in a day, only 100 millilitres is lost in your faeces. You'll learn more about excretion in your classes.Food that enters your mouth is both warmed and cooled to make it the optimum temperature for digestion. So, if you eat food, your mouth will cool it down and if you eat chilled materials, it will bring the temperature up.It's fascinating what our bodies can do and how much work they put in just to keep us alive and well. It is no wonder we need to rest at night! But even while we sleep, our bodies continue to carry out their numerous and momentous tasks...To learn even more than you would do in your classroom or using self-study methods, why not look out for biology a level tutors.Useful LinksAs part of your revision for Biology GCSE, you may wish to brush up on the following topic s:GCSE Biology Syllabus: Topics At A Glance GCSE Biology Revision: Reproduction In Humans GCSE Biology Evolution GCSE Biology Revision: Living Organisms GCSE Biology Revision: Inheritance and Genetics

How To Register On Linkedin

How To Register On Linkedin Tips To Set Up An Online Professional Profile ChaptersRegistering With LinkedinWhat Is Needed To Complete Your Profile?Presentation Tips For Your ProfileRelevant Settings For A Great Linked In ProfileAdvanced Tips To Improve Your ProfileThe Linkedin corporation is a professional social network that allows you to meet other professionals online where you can share interests based on your experience and skills. Not to mention, find your dream job, find new opportunities, build your personal brand, and some of the best job search tools online. Overall This professional network is one of the largest in the world and has almost half a billion users.Most major companies, entrepreneurs, recruiters and hiring managers have accounts on the platform. Because they know it gives them a professional advantage for leveraging opportunities when they come up. This makes it a great place to find a job for the job seeker, to connect with recruiters, to meet your next prospect including clients or customers, to promote your business or just networ k on Linkedin groups.Here is our mini guide to setting up a LinkedIn account and some savvy tips to making the most of your profile. To maximise your possibilities on the professional social networking platform.register your basic information and create your account where your profile will live. Photo Source: Unsplashappearing professional is vital.Your email address; make sure your email address is professional. If your email is J-Cutie@emailprovider.com, you might want to find a new email address. Good news is they are free to set up using your name. In all cases, JenSmith@emailprovider.com will give a better impression and appear more professional. Although people may not see your email address on LinkedIn. It is best to start as you mean to go on instead of changing it later. At some point, you will provide your contact information to an employer, on your CV, job application or on a form of some kind, in response to a job alert or on any number of job sites. Having an email addr ess that you use for work and/or Searching for jobs will keep everything in the same place and ensure you are not missing anything.A Password; This can be anything you want it to be but try to make it secure. Remember if your account gets hacked it could ruin your professional image. It’s worth trying to create a secure password. Include a mix of upper-case letters, lower case letters, a number and if possible a unique character.A Photo; A photo will personalise your profile and separate you from the millions of other users.Remember that you should dress to match the role that you are going for. Creative designers can be bright and creative, Office workers should dress smart/professional. Try to look like the right person for the job. Make the image a head and shoulder shot,Avoid bold jewellery or accessorises unless that is a large part of your personality.Smile genuinelyShow your personality somehowDon’t be afraid of a close-upMake sure the resolution is no less than 400x400 p ixelsWhile you are going through the set-up stages of your profile ‘skip’ the following:Don’t link any of your accounts to the profileDo not add contactsDo not connect your unfinished profile to anything or anywhere it might be seen before it is done.Don’t start looking for a job yet including job applicationsDo not visit the pages of entrepreneurs, professional recruiters, or other decision-makers as they might just look back at you. With an unfinished profile, it would make the wrong first impression.This professional network is one of the largest in the world and has almost half a billion users. Photo Source: UnsplashWhat Is Needed To Complete Your Profile?When you may only have 1 opportunity to impress someone who is visiting your profile. It is advisable not to promote the unfinished account in any way. This is because you do not want your profile to be located by potential employers, recruiters, prospects or customers until it is complete.This ensures that you have all the time at your fingertips to develop an engaging and compelling profile that will attract the outcomes that you are hoping for.To start on the path to a strong profile on LinkedIn, you must add the following:A headline or job title; the headline is there to help people see at a glance what it is that you do, be creative and precise, you have 120 characters. Make sure to use industry keywords that employers, customers or partners will be using in job search, job listings and looking for in independent searches.A LinkedIn summary; This is the area to show yourself in your best light. Keep this area updated, exciting and relevant to what your outcomes are. You can add links, pictures, videos and documents here.Your CV (Curriculum Vitale or Resume); This should be an updated version of your CV, It should show your relevant work experience and highlight your success outcomes in each role. You should also highlight what you have learned or where you went over and above in your position . Of course, any time where your previous employer recognised your hard work should also be noted.Your Personal Mission; What is it that you hope to achieve, what plans do you have and how would working in your next role or with your future customer take you on the journey.Highlight any volunteer work; Volunteer work is highly respected and should be noted. If you don’t have much work experience, volunteering for a while could help you gain some relevant skills and close gaps in your CV.Highlight Skills that you have that can define you from other people in your field. List all relevant skills and update your skills regularly. (Once your profile is complete you will ask people who know you to endorse your skills, which serves as a mini-reference). 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Make sure that you:Are honest in your presentation of your experienceCheck for typos, spelling and mistakesAdd certificates and other supporting documentsMake sure your links work, and the contact information is correctMake the profile interesting so that someone would be interested in going through itKeep the information organised and presented in a way that makes sense. For example, keeping education together, show your most recent experience first and adding relevant documents in the correct place will make your profile more pleasurable to read.Print out your QR code or profile link and give it to people when you meet them in person. Including at interview, consulting meeting, recruiting m eetings etc. to leverage your hard work.Relevant Settings For A Great Linked In ProfileThere are some extra settings that you should go through, some of which can  LinkedIn account to make you easier to find.Go to the upper right corner of your profile page (below the dark banner), click where it says ‘Edit Public Profile and URL’. Here you will be able to do a few essential things. Make your profile and profile picture visible to everyone, which makes you easier to find.Edit your URL to your name if possible and add an industry Keyword. This will work as your anytime anywhere, one click professional profile where anyone can find you online.Don’t link any of your accounts to the profile, until you have finished filling in your profile completely. Photo Source: UnsplashAdvanced Tips To Improve Your ProfileAdd a high quality background image with a resolution of 1584x396, it should communicate something about your professional persona.Don’t be afraid to talk about yourself an d tell visitors about your best bits.Highlight extras such as other languages that you speak, courses you have completed outside of mainstream education, hobbies that you have that could add growth to your character.Highlights relevant awards, certificates or abilities that you have that can define you from other people.Read through and edit ‘Settings and Privacy’ â€" Go to the dark blue banner at the top of the profile. On the right side, you will see your image (or a circle if you didn’t add one yet) that says ‘me’ with a down arrow. Click it and see the setting and privacy option in the dropdown.If you are good at writing, adding posts to your profile or groups will help you to show off your knowledge and experience. It also serves to add to the findability of your profile while sharing useful content.Share your vision for the role or industry that you hope to be in. Share ideas you have for improvement or observations in general that could help productivity within the industry. This sets you apart as a leader which is very attractive for recruiters and customers alike. Because there is always room for change and improvement in all industries.Be honest, lying and bragging about who you are or what you can do is going to backfire if you can not live up to the expectations that you have createdOnce you have set up your profile all you have to do is let friends and work colleagues know that you have an account and invite them to join your network. Don’t forget to ask them to endorse your skills and remember to do the same for them. Employers will see your profile when you search for a job or find jobs on Job boards and job listings, also when you apply for jobs or when they search for you. These optimized searches can lead you down the path to your new job, and all of that is linked to the power of a strong profile. Remember Linkedin job search can bring you great opportunities only if your profile is representative of a great candidate. Good Luck!

English Conversation Classes

English Conversation Classes If youre bored with the normal English conversation classes where you only learn how to introduce yourself   then LOI has English classes for you. Our classes cover a full range of topics and grammar points some are as timeless as talking about dreams and others are more current topics about the refugee crisis in Europe. Here is a lesson about dreamsif you want to correct the exercises and complete this lesson with a live teacher please click the link at the bottom.English Conversation Warm-upA. Conversation1) Do you usually remember your dreams? Why or why not?2) Do you believe that dreams have meaning? If so, how can you interpret their meaning?3) Have you ever had nightmares? What were they like?4) Have you ever had or heard of a dream that foretold the future?B. English VocabularyDirections: Match the vocabulary (1-10) to its meanings (a-j). Have you ever seen these words before? Which ones are new?Words/Expressions1. olfactory2. thriller3. tactile4. creature5. inspiration6. audi tory7. descend8. lucid9. interpreted10. subconsciousEnglish Definitionsa. to decide what the intended meaning of sth isb. connected with the ability to smellc. sb / sth that gives you ideas for doing sthd. the part of your mind that notices and remembers information and influences your behaviour without your realisinge. clearly expressed and easy to understandf. to go / come down / Opposite: ascendg. used to refer to a lifeform that is unusual / imaginaryh. of / about hearingi. a book,play / film that has an exciting story,often about solving a crimej. related to the sense of touchC. EnglishFill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the above vocabulary items.1. Where are the . organs found of the human body?2. Many cities have provided great . for artists and other creative individuals.3. We all have .. fears,which we never realise until we encounter something that triggers them.4. The aircraft began to . and we could see the metropolis below us.5. There are many avid re aders of spy . around. Personally, I dont see the attraction. Do you?6. In a forest you hear the chirping of birds and the sounds of other .7. What does .. mean? Can you use it in a sentence?8. You should write in a clear and . style. It makes for better reading.9. Some of the evidence in the case is difficult to . .10. Teaching methods use both .. and visual stimulants.II. ReadingDirections: Before reading, preview the comprehension questions. After reading, reread the sentences that contain the vocabulary words. Then explain the meanings of the sentences.A. TextDreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. People dream about one to two hours each night. We may have four to seven dreams in one night. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams.The word dream comes from an old word in English that means joy and music. Our dreams often include all the senses â€"  olfactory, auditory, visual, taste andtactil e. We dream in color. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmares.Artists, writers and scientists sometimes say they get  inspiration  from dreams. For example, the singer Paul McCartney of the Beatles said he awakened one day with the music for the song Yesterday in his head. The writer Mary Shelley said she had a very strong dream about a scientist using a machine to make a creaturecome alive. When she awakened, she began to write her famous sci-fi  thriller  Frankenstein.People have been trying to decide what dreams mean for thousands of years. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed dreams provided messages  descended  from the gods. Sometimes people who could understand dreams would help military leaders in battle.In ancient Egypt, people who could explain dreams were believed to be special. In the Christian Bible, there are more than seven hundred comments or stories about dreams. In China, people be lieved that dreams were a way to visit with family members who had died. Some Native American tribes and Mexican civilizations believed dreams were a different world we visit when we sleep.Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed different ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called The Interpretation of Dreams in nineteen hundred. Freud believed our dreams are linked to our  subconscious  desires.  Freud  interpreted  peoples dreams as a way of helping them solve problems or understand their worries. For example, Freud said when people dream of flying or swinging, they want to be free of their childhood. When a person dreams that a brother or sister or parent has died, the dreamer is really hiding feelings of hatred for that person. Or a desire to have what the other person has.Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years. But he developed very different ideas about dreams. Jung believed dreams c ould help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are awake.He did not believe dreams hide our internal desires.Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can perform  brain scans  while people are sleeping.One kind of dreaming is called  luciddreaming. This is when someone is aware that they are dreaming, and may even be able to control their dream.An organization in Canada called the Dreams Foundation believes you can train yourself to have lucid dreams by paying very close attention to your dreams and writing them down. The Dreams Foundation believes this is one way to become more imaginative and creative. It is possible to take classes on the Internet to learn how to remember dreams and use what you learn in your daily life.There have been many new phone apps and other software to try to help people control their dreams. This has been largely inspired by the  vast array  of films like Incep tion. These apps use special sounds to  trigger  thoughts and events inside a dream.B. Comprehension Questions(Support your choice by finding the answer in the text!)1. Dreams are expressions of actions. True / False2. Ou dreams usually include all of the senses. True / False3. The ancients thought dreams came from the gods. True /False4. Jung and Freud had the same theory about dreams. True / False5. You can control your dreams if you work hard at it. True / FalseIII.  GrammarA. Idiomatic ExpressionsIdioms are words, phrases, or expressions that are either grammatically unusual, as in, “Long time, no see!”, or their meaning cannot be taken literally, as in, “Its raining cats and dogs!” This expression does not mean that cats and dogs are falling from the sky, but it is a metaphorical expression (word picture) that means that it is raining very heavily.Idioms are an important part of every language. Therefore, as a language learner, knowing idioms is useful in at least two w ays:1) The more idioms you know, the more native-like your language will sound.2) By learning idioms, you learn a lot about the culture of the community speaking the language you are learning.B. Matching ExerciseDirections: Match the following idioms to their meanings. Then, use them in sentences of your own. Do you have similar ones in your language?1. In your dreams!2. like a dream3. a pipe dream4. be / live in a dream world5. beyond your wildest dreamsa. an idea that could never happen because it is impossibleb. far more than you could have hoped or imaginedc. if sb /sth does sth like a dream,they do it very welld. to have ideas / hopes which are not practical and are not likely to be successfule. sth you say to sb when they tell you what they are hoping for to show you do not believe it will happenC. Vocabulary and Grammar ConsolidationDirections: Answer the following questions using what you have learn in the lesson and drawing on personal experience.1.  Do you dream in black-a nd-white or color? What language do you usually dream in? Have you ever dreamed in English? Another language?2.  Do you think dreams can be explained scientifically? Why? If not, what other explanation can you give? Discuss.3. Would you dowload an app to help you control your dreams? Can someone control their dreams? Why? Why not?4. Tell your teacher about a dream that you have never forgotten. Was it a good dream or a nightmare?5.  What do you believe is the meaning behind deja vu? Have you ever experienced it? If so, describe how you felt. What is jamais vu?6. Finish this sentence In my wildest dreams .. .IV. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Use the following vocabulary from the lesson to create sentences abut yourself or something you have seen or heard.Try to use some of the idioms in your sentences.1. inspiration2. subconscious3. olfactory4. thriller5. creatureV. Wrap-upA. Conversation1.  Do you ever want to live in the world of your dreams? Why? Why not?2. Would you like to contr ol your dreams,like in Inception? What are the benefits and drawbacks do you think.3. Do you think that humankind will finally understand the world of dreams in the future? If so, how do you think it would help us?B. WritingDirections: There are two perspectives in the text about what dreams are. One is Freuds and the other Jungs. Which do you agree with and why?Add some research of your own to support your opinion and present it to your teacher next lesson.(You should present some form of written work)